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Regulations 883/2004 and 987/2009 fixed new rules on coordination of social security systems. In particular, they rearranged rules on conflicts of law, even if the core principles (one set of legislation only to be applicable and priority of workplace legislation) remain the same. Nevertheless, there are significant changes. The rules on conflicts have been simplified and several specific rules which...
Résumé Jurisconsulte honoraire du Parlement européen, l’auteur propose ici une contribution importante à l’étude des sources du droit de l’Union européenne, à travers une analyse approfondie et renouvelée de la nouvelle catégorie d’acte consacrée par le Traité de Lisbonne, celles des actes délégués. L’accent est mis sur les aspects relatifs à l’application et à l’interprétation des nouvelles dispositions...
The article examines where the main European legal systems stand as regards the financial consequences of divorce, trying to draw conclusions on the direction and speed of developments from the experience of these systems. First, the questions of how matrimonial property rules operate in the event of divorce and how they interact with the financial remedies provided by the law on divorce are examined...
“It would be possible to organise a useful course on European Union Law using only cases involving wine and food.” Starting from this assumption, the author designs an imaginative picnic in Burgundy where a fine selection of food and wines inspires an equally exquisite recollection of classical cases from the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice, all originating from a legal problem with...
The author starts with a brief analysis of the diversity of the legal professions in the European Union and their different functions also when dealing with European law, which however presents a very specific challenge to all of them. One means to cope with this particular challenge is the provision of adequate training, which is the core mission of the Academy of European Law (ERA). The role and...
Résumé 1. Au cours des 40 années passées les limites géographiques des cabinets d’avocats, qui étaient á l’origine nationales, sont d’abord devenues européennes pour être finalement globales. Certaines grandes firmes d’avocats comprennent des centaines ou même des milliers d’avocats. La « judiciarisation » de la vie des hommes comme des entreprises a également contribué à faire croître le domaine...
The author describes the specific challenges which the Bars of the former socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe, in particular of the four Višegrad countries, had to face after the fall of the Berlin Wall when their legal orders returned to the rule of law and had to prepare for accession to the European Union. At that stage, it was in particular the Council of the Bars and Law Societies...
This paper describes the structured “competitive dialogue” between the contracting public authority and private operators/potential bidders introduced by the 2004 Public Sector Directive. The author takes us through all phases of the procedure – the pre-dialogue phase, the dialogue phase and the tender phase, highlighting their specific requirements, pitfalls and advantages for bidders and public...
The experiences of the 20th century shaped the concept of a democratic society based on the rule of law and also defined the role of the bar as an institution entrusted with protection of the rights of citizens against abuses by the authorities and other persons. However, often unnoticed, yet always in the name of improving security and protection of moral values, institutions of a democratic state...
In the early years of European Integration the German Federal Constitutional Court seemed to be very willing to support the European Court of Justice in its decisions to push integration forward. Later on the Constitutional Court claimed a residual competence to control the protection of human rights and to declare ultra virus acts of Community organs as inapplicable in Germany. No action ever followed...
The article provides an overview of the remedies available under the United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods. A short introduction to the Convention is followed by an analysis of the structure and the basic features of the Convention’s remedies system. The article then deals with the various remedies in detail and presents them in their context. The circumstances in which a particular...
The author highlights the historical context of the creation of the Services and the Establishment Directives and the different concepts of the legal profession(s) in the Member States. With the accession of the UK and Ireland to the then European Communities, the European legislator had no longer to deal with a more or less uniform understanding of the role and function of the legal profession. The...
The author highlights the ever expanding scope of EU law and its relevance for national practitioners by presenting, in different chapters, the various stages of development of the acquis illustrated by case-law characteristic of the respective stages. Regarding classical market regulation, the impact of secondary law on national civil law and procedure is essentially shown through recent consumer...
Résumé L’auteur analyse la perspective de créer un Ministère Public européen sur les nouvelles bases juridiques introduites par le Traité de Lisbonne. Une telle initiative devrait s’inspirer des travaux des différents groupes d’experts ayant produit le « Corpus Juris» – pour que « la fiction juridique » se transforme définitivement en réalité institutionnelle judiciaire en Europe.
This article deals with the eternal challenge for a democratic society to find the right balance between security and liberty, and the specific challenge which this means for the legal profession, in the light of recent measures taken to combat terrorism. The author criticises the one-sided focus on public security in the public debate and calls not only for a stronger respect for individual rights...
The author explores two aspects of the relationship between the “constitution” of the EU and member states’ constitutions – their potential for conflict, and possible elements of structural convergence. He considers the “constitutionalisation” of the EU as a starting point, as an on-going process, and as a desired result. The development of an autonomous institutional structure of the EU since the...
The author highlights the relevance of comparative law in the specific context of political accountability and the rule of law. He first presents different national features to deal with, or prevent, political scandals – free access to information, criminal prosecution, the use of ad-hoc tribunals, and a powerful constitutional court. He goes on to compare the notions of “rule of law” and “Rechtsstaat”...
Résumé Les accords de Schengen sont nés à partir d’une coopération intergouvernementale entre cinq États membres. Leur développement a contrasté avec les efforts peu fructueux menés parallèlement au sein des Communautés Européennes pour réaliser la libre circulation des personnes. L’intégration de l’acquis de Schengen dans l’Union européenne a été réalisée par le Traité d’Amsterdam. Les accords de...
This text, in lieu of an editorial, pays a tribute to John Toulmin CMG QC, who served as member and Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Academy of European Law (ERA) from 1993 to 2010. John Toulmin practised as a Barrister in London from 1965 to 1997 and was President of the CCBE in 1993. In 1997, he was appointed judge of the Technology and Construction Court of England & Wales, a position...
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